ÉVALUATION DES CONDITIONS DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT DE TRAVAIL ET DE LEURS EFFETS SUR LA RETENTION DES ENSEIGNANTS DANS LES ETABLISSEMENTS D'ENSEIGNEMENT SECONDAIRE EN SIERRA LEONE
Mots-clés :
Ecole, environnement, motivations des enseignants, qualité de l'éducation, Sierre LéoneRésumé
La rétention des enseignants et la qualité de l’éducation demeurent des défis majeurs dans les établissements d’enseignement secondaire en Sierra Leone, en grande partie en raison des disparités des conditions de travail. Cette étude a examiné l’influence des conditions de travail sur la rétention des enseignants et la qualité de l’éducation dans les écoles secondaires de la Sierra Leone. En adoptant une approche méthodologique mixte, des données quantitatives et qualitatives ont été recueillies auprès de 380 enseignants issus d’établissements secondaires publics et privés répartis dans plusieurs districts et analysées afin d’examiner la relation entre les conditions de travail et la rétention des enseignants. Les résultats ont révélé d’importantes disparités dans les conditions de travail, particulièrement dans les écoles rurales, ce qui a eu des effets négatifs sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage. Bien que certaines écoles disposent d’infrastructures adéquates et de ressources pédagogiques suffisantes, les pénuries demeurent largement répandues. Le soutien administratif est apparu comme le facteur le plus déterminant de la satisfaction des enseignants, suivi de l’engagement du leadership scolaire, de la disponibilité des ressources et des possibilités de perfectionnement professionnel. L’étude a également montré que les conditions de travail influencent directement la qualité de l’éducation. Des facteurs tels que la charge de travail, l’environnement de la salle de classe et les relations entre enseignants et élèves jouent un rôle essentiel dans l’efficacité de l’enseignement et la réussite scolaire des élèves. Les préoccupations liées à l’insuffisance des salaires et aux possibilités limitées d’avancement de carrière ont également été fréquemment signalées. L’étude conclut que les mauvaises conditions de travail et une rémunération insuffisante ont des effets négatifs sur la satisfaction, la rétention des enseignants et, par conséquent, sur la qualité de l’éducation en Sierra Leone. Elle recommande un investissement accru dans les infrastructures scolaires, une répartition plus équitable des ressources éducatives, un renforcement du leadership pédagogique, l’élargissement des possibilités de développement professionnel ainsi que la mise en œuvre de politiques de rémunération équitables afin d’améliorer la rétention des enseignants.
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