Tests d’activités antiparasitaires et antibactériennes des extraits des feuilles de Psidium guajava L. (ipera)du Burundi

Résumé

Psidium guajava L is known for its delicious fruits and for the different use of its leaves in the treatment of some diseases such  diarrhea, plasmodic, diabetic, cardiovascular, urinary infections,…The aim of this study is to highlight the existence of bioactive substances found in the leaves of P. guajava field in Burundi and their parasitological and bacteriological effects. The phytochemical screening indicated that P. guajava’s leaves contain tanins, saponosides, terpenes and steroids in sufficient quantity  while flavonoids, leucoanthocyans and quinones were in little quantity and alcaloids were absent. The results of parasitological tests of organic, aqueous and infused extracts prepared from the leaves of P. guajava have shown that these substances act on certain parasites, namely amoebae, Chilomastix, hookworms and giardia. From the results of bacterial susceptibility tests carried out on the same extracts used in parasitological tests, it was found that strains of staphylococci show a high sensitivity for both tannins and the mixture of tannin-saponosides and steroid-terpenes as well as an average sensitivity for aqueous and infused extracts. These results obtained in parasitological and bacterial susceptibility tests seem to justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine in the treatment of, among others, diarrheal diseases caused by hookworms, amoebae, Chilomastixand giardia  as well as various infections such as abscesses and angina caused by staphylococci.