Prevalence and risk factors of electrolytic disorders in the elderly patients hospitalized in Kamenge University Hospital
Keywords:
Prevalence, electrolyte, disturbances, BujumburaAbstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence and risque of elctrolyte disturbances in the elderly patients in hospital aria. Patients and methods: This is a descriptive and cross sectional study done from May 2016 to march 2017 involving elderly patients hospitalised in the internal medicine department of CHU Kamenge with electrolyte disorders. Data were entered and analyzed sing the info 7.2 epi software. The proportions were compared using the exact Fischer test with p<0.05 considered as significant. Results: The prevalence of electrolyte disturbances was 81.7%. Hyponatremia was found with a prevalence of 50.65%, hypernatremia with a prevalence of 5.84%, hypokaliemia with a prevalence of 27.92%, hyperkalaemia with a prevalence of 20.77%, hypochloremia and hyperchloremia with prevalences of 31.81% and 25.32% respectively. For 138 patients in whom the calcemia was made, 29 patients (21%) had hypocalcemia and 11 patients (8%) hypercalcemia. Age between 60 and 75 (p=0.02), male sex (p=0.03), use of diuretics (p=0.02) and anti-diabetics (p=0.005) were risk factors of eletrolyte disturbances. A total of 127 patients improuved and 27 died or 17.53%. Conclusion: The prevalence of electrolyte disturbances is high. Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder and hyperkalemia was the most deadly in our series. Male sex, taking diuretics and anti-diabetics was the risk factors for electrolytes disturbances.
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